THE EU’S “GLOBAL GATEWAY” INITIATIVE AND GEORGIA’S TRANSIT FUNCTION: STRATEGY, INVESTMENT AND DEVELOPMENT

Abstract

Introduction: Modern geopolitical and geoeconomical dynamics are reshaping the significance importance of strategic initiatives in worldwide. The Global Gateway strategy, launched by the European Union in 2021, responds to these shifts by promoting sustainable, secure and interconnected infrastructure in partner countries. This strategy has acquired heightened significance for Georgia, as it advances the country’s political, economic, and diplomatic convergence with the European Union within the framework of the Eastern Partnership, while simultaneously consolidating its position as a pivotal transit nexus connecting Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and the Black Sea energy corridor. Recent developments, particularly the U.S.-mediated agreement between Azerbaijan and Armenia concerning the transfer of the Zangezur Corridor - referred to as the “Trump Road to International Peace and Prosperity” - to the United States on a 99-year lease, are expected to significantly reshape the Caucasus dimension of the Global Gateway strategy. Although it is difficult to anticipate all the details at this stage, it is both possible and necessary to highlight several essential implications, which are also addressed in this article.

Methods: The study applies a qualitative approach based on EU policy documents, international reports, and academic literature, combined with contextual geopolitical analysis of recent regional developments.

Results: The findings indicate that the Global Gateway enhances Georgia’s potential to attract investment, modernize infrastructure, and deepen cooperation with the EU. At the same time, new geopolitical dynamics—most notably the U.S.-mediated agreement on the Zangezur Corridor, pose uncertainties for the Caucasus dimension of the strategy.

Discussion:This article examines the theoretical foundations of the Global Gateway, its sectoral priorities, and Georgia’s role within the framework of the strategy. Special attention is given to the challenges and opportunities associated with the development of Georgia’s transit and energy potential, the deepening of relations with the European Union, and the necessity of strategic choices in a competitive international environment. The study draws on EU and international reports as well as thematic academic literature, providing analytical conclusions and recommendations.