IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN PREGNANCY: PREVALENCE, DIAGNOSIS, AND PUBLIC HEALTH STRATEGIES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20544/uklop.2026.614Keywords:
iron deficiency, anemia, pregnancy, maternal health, supplementationAbstract
Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common nutritional disorder worldwide and the leading cause of anemia during pregnancy. Pregnant women are particularly vulnerable due to increased iron demands, posing risks for both maternal and fetal health. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence, diagnostic approaches, and public health strategies related to IDA in pregnancy.
Methods: A review of epidemiological data from the World Health Organization (WHO), relevant literature, and national health registries was conducted. Diagnostic standards based on hemoglobin concentration and serum ferritin levels were evaluated, along with screening and iron supplementation strategies within antenatal care.
Results: According to WHO data, more than 40% of pregnant women globally suffer from anemia, with iron deficiency being the main cause. The highest prevalence is recorded in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, but moderate prevalence is also seen in parts of Europe and the Balkans. Early screening and iron supplementation during pregnancy have shown positive outcomes, including a measurable decrease in maternal anemia and associated complications.
Discussion: The findings highlight the need for standardized prenatal screening protocols and universal supplementation policies. Barriers include limited access to health services, lack of awareness, and low adherence to supplementation. Improving maternal health requires strengthened public health initiatives, education on nutrition, and equitable access to prenatal care. Further research is needed to optimize the timing and delivery of interventions.
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