New Horizons - Journal of Student Research
New Horizons - Journal of Student Research (NHJSR) is an international, multi- and interdisciplinary, open-access, annual, and faculty-reviewed journal published by the University St. Kliment Ohridski in Bitola (North Macedonia), devoted to the rapid dissemination of current student research. This journal adheres to a regular publishing schedule, occasionally featuring special issues. The journal seeks papers that are novel, integrative, and written in a way that is accessible to a wide audience, including an array of disciplines. The content of the journal ranges from applied research to theoretical research. In general, papers on all topics are welcome. Starting from Vol. 2 (2024) of New Horizons - Journal of Student Research, the journal will publish a special issue featuring papers successfully defended at the Annual Scientific Conferences for the presentation of independent doctoral research projects by UKLO PhD candidates. New Horizons - Journal of Student Research | NHJSR Published and edited by: University St. Kliment Ohridski in Bitola First publication: 2024 ISSN: 2955-2354| e-ISSN: 2955-2362| Open Access | Language: English | Full-text formats available: PDF You can submit your article at any time throughout the year. Authors are invited to submit articles to NHSJR through the online submission system or by e-mail: newhorizons@uklo.edu.mk The authors are strongly encouraged to read the Review Policy section, the Author Guidelines, and the Publication Ethics section carefully before preparing an article for submission, as well as to check the article for conformance before submitting it for publication.
University "St. Kliment Ohridski" - Bitola (North Macedonia)
REIMAGINING THE MACABRE: COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES ON TRANSLATING EDGAR ALLAN POE
This study analyses the Macedonian translations of three Edgar Allan Poe short stories—“The Masque of the Red Death”, “The Oval Portrait”, and “Eleonora”—focusing on linguistic, stylistic, semantic, and cultural aspects. Using Newmark (1988) and Venuti’s (1995) theoretical frameworks as starting points, it examines how translators balance formal and dynamic equivalence, foreignization and domestication, and the preservation of Poe’s Gothic poetics. Lexical precision, rhythmic phrasing, and symbolic imagery are rendered in Macedonian, with French translations by Baudelaire and Spanish translations by Cortázar providing comparative insight. Even though each story poses unique challenges, the Macedonian translations achieve substantial semantic and stylistic fidelity, sometimes simplifying ornate structures for readability. Comparison with French and Spanish versions indicates that alternative lexical or syntactic choices could slightly enhance Gothic intensity or ambiguity, yet the Macedonian renderings effectively convey Poe’s aesthetic and psychological impact. The study also contrasts human and AI translation, concluding that while AI produces technically accurate and consistent text, human translators preserve nuanced interpretation, layered meaning, and subtle rhythm, tone, and cultural resonance essential to literary texts.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
POSSIBILITIES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF IMMANUEL KANT’S CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE IN PRESCHOOL EDUCATION
This study examined the feasibility of introducing Immanuel Kant’s categorical imperative into preschool education, addressing the intersection between moral philosophy and early childhood pedagogy. The research began by developing a theoretical framework grounded into two key elements: the good will and the categorical imperative – which were considered essential to understanding the ethical foundation of the study. A theoretical-analytical method was employed in combination with two focus group studies conducted in preschool institutions. The empirical component explored children’s cognitive predispositions, ethical intuition and their readiness to comprehend and engage with basic moral principles. Through structured discussions and carefully designed ethical scenarios, the study observed how children articulated their understanding of moral choices and obligations. By aligning the findings with Kant’s deontological ethics, this paper demonstrated the existence of innate cognitive capacities necessary for moral reasoning and ethical reflection. Based on the insights, the paper proposed pedagogical strategies for gradual and selective integration of Kantian moral principles in preschool education.
THE ABSENCE OF PUNCTUATION & THE PRESENCE OF READERS IN THE MATEJA MATEVSKI’S POETRY
Punctuation shapes how one’s texts are read and understood. Punctuation marks, in poetry, serve as a key concept that gives structure, meaning, and leads the reader through the interpretation process. This research aims to answer the question: Does the absence of punctuation marks in Mateja Matevski’s poetry have an impact on the reader’s reading process and interpretation. The purpose of this study is to perceive the effect that poetry, written without punctuation, has on the readers. The research is quantitative, and the sample is a selection of poems, mostly from the poetry collection “Kopnezh po celina” (“Longing for Entirety”, 2005), which means that a corpus was compiled for the needs of the research. The selection of poems is based on the absence of punctuation. The research relies on a combined content analysis based on the coding of the responses. The results of the research show that the absence of punctuation has a linguistic, interpretative, cognitive, and emotional impact on readers.
OPPORTUNITIES FOR PRODUCING EARLY, HEALTHY TOBACCO SEEDLINGS USING MICROIRRIGATION
For successful tobacco production, the most important prerequisite is to first obtain healthy, high-quality, and timely produced tobacco seedlings. In our country, the traditional method is still used, involving seedling production in cold beds covered with polyethylene fabric in the form of a tunnel. Proper care during seedling cultivation is essential and includes several timely and thoroughly performed agrotechnical practices, among which irrigation is a key factor. With this in mind, our goal was to investigate whether different irrigation methods influence the possibility of obtaining early-produced, healthy tobacco seedlings. For this purpose, three different irrigation methods were tested: variant one - watering with a watering can, variant two - watering with sprinklers and variant three - micro-sprinkler irrigation. Based on the two-year research, the results confirmed that the third variant - micro-sprinkler irrigation - enabled the production of healthy tobacco seedlings 5-10 days earlier compared to the control. Additionally, the number of seedlings suitable for transplanting was higher in this variant, reaching 2122/m², compared to 1862/m² in the control.
REHABILITATION AS A LIFETIME THERAPY FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES
Rehabilitation interruptions can lead to functional decline among children with complex developmental and neurological disabilities. This study aimed to examine the effects of a 12-week break in therapy on motor, postural, sensory, and behavioral functioning in four children attending therapeutic day center in Bitola. A descriptive, mixed qualitative-quantitative case study design was used, based exclusively on routinely collected clinical data, including structured team questionnaires and pre-post observational records. Each child was evaluated before and after the interruption using domain-based severity ratings. The analysis showed consistent regression across all participants, with the most pronounced deterioration observed in motor endurance, balance, and postural control. Sensory intolerance and behavioral dysregulation also increased, particularly among children with pre-existing sensory or cognitive vulnerabilities. Thematic synthesis confirmed overlapping patterns of functional loss, emphasizing the dependence of these children on continuous therapeutic stimulation and structured routines. These findings demonstrated that even relatively short breaks in rehabilitation may disrupt functional stability and complicate the upcoming therapeutic re-engagement. The study highlights the need for year-round rehabilitation models that minimize regression and support long-term developmental outcomes in children with disabilities.
VETERINARY FORENSICS - FORENSIC PATHOLOGY IN HIGH-VALUE INSURED HORSES: INJURIES AND POSTMORTEM CHANGES IN INSURANCE CLAIM CASES
High-value competition horses represent significant financial investments, making proper documentation and assessment of injuries particularly important in insurance claim cases. This review paper examines the pathological manifestations, forensic investigation methods and protective measures relevant to these situations. The review paper explores common pathological conditions affecting performance horses, diagnostic approaches for disease progression and forensic veterinary analysis techniques for characterising injury patterns. The distinction between accidental trauma and non-accidental injuries is examined through tissue damage patterns and the relationship between injuries and reported incidents. Emphasis is placed on systematic pathological examination methods, evidence collection and documentation processes used for insurance and legal contexts. Special attention is given to soring practices and their diagnostic indicators. Soring involves the intentional infliction of pain to a horse's legs or hooves in order to force the horse to perform an artificial, exaggerated gait. Understanding injury types and their postmortem characteristics helps veterinarians working with insurance companies and legal authorities provide accurate assessments. This supports animal welfare protection and objective evaluation in these cases.
EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES FOR SCALING AND PERFORMANCE OPTIMISATION IN MOODLE LMS
The adoption of a Learning Management System (LMS) offers numerous advantages, and universities should actively promote its use while prioritising effective and innovative learning strategies. As the platform becomes an essential part of teaching and assessment, the LMS database naturally grows over time due to the accumulation of course materials, user activity, logs, and gradebook data. Without proper monitoring and maintenance, this expansion can negatively affect system performance, response times, and overall user experience. Therefore, one of the key factors for ensuring the efficient use of an LMS is the systematic management of database growth and system performance. This paper examines practical strategies for manage database expansion and optimizing the performance of the Moodle system at the University “St. Kliment Ohridski” – Bitola. Through detailed database analysis, evaluation of archiving mechanisms, configuration options, and automation processes, a structured approach is proposed. The aim is to ensure long-term platform stability, improve efficiency, reduce server load, and maintain data integrity through well-designed archiving and cleanup policies.
Even though linguistic innovation has always been synonymous with youth culture in the modern world, the rise of the internet and social media platforms has fundamentally and permanently transformed the way this language is created and shared. As a result, the Gen Z slang has appeared – a variety truly unique, and often confusing and opaque to older, less tech-savvy generations. To better understand this unique digital lexicon, this mixed-methods paper explored the use and characteristics of Gen Z slang, focusing specifically on acronyms, initialisms, and clippings. To do so, popular Gen Z websites and apps were initially screened to identify key terms. Then, a sample of non-native English speakers, Gen zers themselves, was surveyed, to check if these speakers actually understand and use the selected terms. The findings show that even those who didn't grow up speaking English fluently have surprisingly high levels of comprehension and use of this digital slang.
WORK ENGAGEMENT OF YOUNG PEOPLE DURING THEIR STUDIES
Work engagement and studying, are shown as two parallel but also simultaneous tracks. The theory and the researches connected with the analysis are showing that the work engagement during the study, affects the quality of the study. In most cases the effects have been negative, that is, the result is avoiding the performance of student tasks, insufficient dedication to studies, in some cases even leaving the studies. Things have changed - something once considered as a harm to the quality of education nowadays, working engagement during studies is appreciated and respected. We are outlining what working engagement during studies really represents, why do we observe it, what is its value in the course of studying, what is the widest range of modalities in which it occurs and so on. Upon theoretical basis and different country practices, we conduct primary research (survey, interviews and ethnography) for today's modern developments on the cultural-economical-societal-environmental-technical front where young people are manoeuvring the levers of studying and working, at the same time. Our conclusions and recommendations are towards the most appropriate combination of work and studies are presented, the source of which are the insights of the respondents and what the co-authors learned for themselves.
Copyright (c) 2025 Filip Petreski, Kristina Dimitrieska, Elena Trpeska, Kristina Kostadinoska, Filip Stojanoski, Hristina Stomnaroska, Gabriela Lazarovska, Hristina Nuneska, Vasil Chavkar, Aleksandar Veleski, Renata Petrevska Nechkoska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
UNDERSTANDING INFLATION DRIVERS IN NORTH MACEDONIA: AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Inflation plays a key role in a country’s economy, especially in terms of its economic stability and growth. Understanding its determinants is essential for formulating effective policies. This paper analyzes the factors influencing the rate of inflation in the Republic of North Macedonia in the period 20022023. The objective is to identify and assess the impact of the money supply (M2), the real effective exchange rate of the Macedonian denar (MKD), and the unemployment rate (independent variables) on the inflation rate (dependent variable) in the analyzed period. In the paper, a statistical analysis was performed that identified the possible correlations between the dependent variable and the three independent variables. Also, econometric modeling and evaluation of the model was performed using the ordinary least squares (OLS) linear regression method. The results of the research have been properly interpreted and relevant conclusions have been drawn based on that. This research is particularly useful for economists, policymakers and the Central Bank of the country, as it provides insights into inflation dynamics. Based on this information, they will be able to develop and implement appropriate monetary policies to control and manage the economy, which is crucial for achieving economic stability and growth.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tamara Taseska, Ilija Hristoski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION FROM 400 KV TRANSMISSION LINE BITOLA 2 – MELITI
The main parts of the Macedonian transmission network are 400 kV transmission lines. They form the 400 kV ring consisting of three transmission lines that connect the largest energy consumption located in the northern part, with the largest production capacities located in the southwestern region. The electromagnetic field affects humans with a certain electromagnetic radiation, which we can freely say is a certain electro smog, i.e. electromagnetic pollution, with which we are constantly surrounded. What will be the biological response of the human organism exposed to electromagnetic waves, is conditioned by the energy that they carry with them and transfer to the cells, i.e. the human body. Field measurements were performed, using the 3D EMF TESTER instrument and results were obtained and analyzed.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hristijan Stojanovski, Natasha Mojsoska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ECO ATTITUDES AND CHALLENGES OF YOUTH TOWARDS URBAN MOBILITY
To identify critical issues and opportunities to improve the sustainability of urban transport systems, this academic student paper explores the attitudes of youth and the broader public – citizens, about urban mobility and traffic. Based on information gathered from an extensive poll, the report provides a detailed analysis of how the general population views public transportation, other forms of mobility including walking and bicycling, and the effects of traffic on the environment. The results highlight significant differences between younger and older people's viewpoints, especially regarding mobility-related safety, accessibility, and environmental factors. The study emphasizes the urgent need for better infrastructure to accommodate cyclists and pedestrians, as well as the significance of raising awareness about the use of sustainable transportation options. The results and suggestions encourage the creation of strategies and action measures that actively involve the next generation in decision-making, which will improve the mobility standard of living in urban areas.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jovana Krstanoska, Meri Shuleska, Verche Koneska, Jasmina Bunevska-Talevska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
REVIEW OF THE BEST AI TOOLS FOR TEACHERS THAT HELP OPTIMIZE THE LEARNING PROCESS
In today’s educational landscape, teachers are often overwhelmed by extensive workloads that in addition to direct instructional duties, also include numerous behind-the-scenes tasks. Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education offers solutions to reduce the pressure, enabling teachers to focus more on meaningful student interactions and personalized learning. This paper comprehensively reviews four prominent AI tools designed to optimize the learning process: iSpring Page, Canva Magic Write, Magic School, and PowerPoint Speaker Coach. Each tool was assessed based on user feedback from teachers and educators, as well as practical testing in simulated classroom environments. Criteria for evaluation included user-friendliness, interactivity, customization, interaction with existing systems, support and training, effectiveness in achieving learning outcomes, and assessment capabilities. The outcome highlights that Magic School stands out due to its user-friendly dashboard, extensive customization platforms, and comprehensive support resources. While Magic School excels in these areas, the other tools provide benefits as well. iSpring Page’s simplicity for content creation and PowerPoint Speaker Coach’s real-time feedback on presentation skills also offer valuable benefits allowing teachers to choose the tool that best fits their special teaching needs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nora Pireci Sejdiu, Igor Nedelkovski, Andrijana Becevska, Blagoj Ristevski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
OPTIMIZING QUALITY OF LIFE THROUGH INDIVIDUALIZED REHABILITATION FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES
Disability can be described as a physical, mental, or combined condition which limits the person’s activities such as walking, talking, hearing etc. Rehabilitation for persons with disabilities must include a range of therapeutic, medical and psychological interventions modified to the specific needs of the individual. The rehabilitation process begins with collecting information from the subject to develop a specialized, individualized rehabilitation plan that will guide the therapist. Emphasis is typically placed on physical therapy and occupational therapy; though other types of therapy are also crucial for the closest possible return of motor function to normal. This research paper is based on interviews conducted with a structured questionnaire and observations of 13 participants diagnosed with cerebral palsy, psycho-physical impairments, paraplegia, or mental retardation combined with autism or epilepsy. Due to vocal and auditory impairments experienced by some subjects, interviews were conducted with their caregivers. Additionally, this research includes literature sourced from internet archives such as PubMed and Internet Archive. Ongoing collaboration between persons with disabilities, their caregivers, and family members is identified as a key factor leading to the improvement of their existing condition.
Copyright (c) 2025 Marija Taleska, Denis Arsovski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ASSESSING THE NEED FOR MANUAL THERAPY IN THE PELAGONIA REGION: A REGIONAL HEALTHCARE STUDY
Introduction: Manual therapy, including massage is widely used to treat musculoskeletal disorders, reducing pain and improving mobility. In the Pelagonia region of North Macedonia, characterized by physically demanding occupations in agriculture and industry, there is a critical need for manual therapy. Despite this, access to these services remains limited due to logistical, financial, and infrastructural challenges. Methodology: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted with 30 participants, aged 20-45, who were selected based on their likelihood of benefiting from manual therapy due to their physically demanding jobs. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire assessing demographics, previous massage experience, reasons for seeking massage, and satisfaction with treatment. Results: 93.1% had previously received massage therapy, with 46.67% seeking it for pain relief and 33.33% for relaxation. A balanced gender distribution was observed, with 53.33% male and 46.67% female. The majority of participants expressed satisfaction with the therapy, with a median satisfaction score indicating generally positive feedback. Discussion: The findings highlight the widespread need for manual therapy in the Pelagonia region, particularly for persons in physically demanding occupations. While participants reported high satisfaction, barriers such as limited access to services and lack of public awareness persist, obstructing the effective delivery of therapy. Conclusion: Manual therapy is essential for managing musculoskeletal disorders in the Pelagonia region. Efforts to improve access, raise public awareness, and overcome logistical challenges are necessary to improve health outcomes for the local population. This study focuses on the importance of integrating manual therapy into regional healthcare services.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hristijan Stojanovski, Denis Arsovski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ECHOES OF EMOTION: NAVIGATING THE INTRICACIES OF POETIC TRANSLATION
This research addresses the challenges of poetic translation, focusing on Aco Shopov's poem "Eyes" and its English translation by the author. It analyzes issues related to translating emotional expressiveness, which is created by means of lexis, imagery, symbols, and figures of speech. The paper draws on various theoretical frameworks, such as communicative vs. semantic translation, foreignization vs. domestication, and dynamic vs. formal equivalence in the translation process. The analysis of this specific translation illustrates how translators can navigate the complex task of transferring poetic meaning across languages while preserving the poem's aesthetic and emotional integrity by skillfully combining the aforementioned approaches and concepts.
Copyright (c) 2025 Besjona Jusufi, Silvana Neshkovska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
COSMIC SYNTAGMS: A STUDY OF ACO SHOPOV’S POETIC UNIVERSE
Poetry serves as a powerful source of new vocabulary, as its essence lies in shaping the formless into form. Тhus, as the poet speaks of their most intimate feelings, new words and word forms are arising. Recognizing poetry as an important source of novel vocabulary, this qualitative research aims to answer the question: What purpose do the lexical innovations in Aco Shopov’s poetry serve? The aim is, thus, to identify and understand the defining elements of Shopov’s poetry and their contribution to his poetic expression. To achieve this goal, a corpus i.e. a sample was compiled for the purposes of this paper. The sample includes eighteen poems by Shopov – poems that include stellar themes and cosmic symbolism. Qualitative content analysis is used, based on the coding and the general qualitative method.The findings reveal that Shopov’s poetic language consistently maintains a cosmic dimension, with lexical innovations as an integral to this aspect of his poetry.
Copyright (c) 2025 Eva Neshkoska , Violeta Janusheva https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
TECHNOLOGY OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF BEE PATTIES
Beekeeping is a vital economic and traditional practice with significant economic and ecological impacts. Beyond producing functional and medicinally beneficial products for humans, honey bees (Apis mellifera) play a crucial role in plant pollination - a service with an economic value far exceeding that of bee products. Supplemental feeding using industrially produced foods, such as sugar syrups and protein patties, is essential for ensuring adequate winter food supplies. Protein patties are typically produced using integrated sugar products and dried yeasts (for bakery and livestock use), enriched with proteins, vitamins, minerals, and nutritional bio stimulants. This technologically advanced production process involves the careful selection of raw materials, storage, refining, grinding, heat treatment, dosing, homogenization, fat addition, packing, and transportation. Strict quality control at every stage ensures the final product meets the nutritional needs of bees and the expectations of beekeepers. This study analyzed honey yields over five years in two apiaries. Case Study 1 recorded a total honey yield of 9,400 kg, while Case Study 2 yielded 2,550 kg. The results highlighted the positive impact of stimulatory supplements on bee productivity, with particularly notable improvements in 2021 and 2022. Additionally, local environmental conditions were found to significantly influence honey yields. The findings confirm that stimulatory supplements enhance bee activity, immunity, queen productivity, and the successful wintering of young bees. These advancements demonstrate the potential to improve the sustainability and productivity of beekeeping through targeted nutritional interventions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Marija Petkovska, Vesna Karapetkovska-Hristova, Juliana Tomovska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SIZING OF A BATTERY ENERGY-STORAGE SYSTEM FOR THE FACULTY OF TECHNICAL SCIENCES – BITOLA
Renewable energy sources are the key to reducing carbon emissions and achieving more energy independency. Up to 2018 the Faculty of Technical Sciences Bitola used only electrical energy from the grid. In 2019, the faculty installed its first 20 kW of photovoltaic panels. The number of panels has doubled and as of 2023, the installed power is 40 kW. As a prosumer, the faculty uses the grid energy for covering the energy needs when the generation from the PVs is insufficient. When the generated energy from PVs is high, it is used by the faculty building and in cases when generated energy exceeds the faculty’s load, the energy is exported to the grid. The positive thing is that the faculty’s work time is synchronised with the generation of the photovoltaic panels (08:00-16:00). During periods of low PV energy production (such as cloudy weather), a battery storage system can offset energy shortfalls. The critical question is determining the optimal battery capacity that achieves maximum financial benefit by minimising investment costs and maximising returns from selling surplus energy back to the grid. The main goal of this paper is to calculate optimal capacity of battery energy storage for achieving minimum dependency from grid power and to reduce faculty costs for electricity from the grid.
Copyright (c) 2025 Boris Gushevski, Hristijan Delov, Goran Veljanovski, Metodija Atanasovski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Batteries are an essential part of our modern lifestyle, finding application in various aspects of everyday life such as mobile devices, electric cars, renewable energy sources and many others. The technological development of batteries is continuous and fast in order to improve performance and reduce their negative impacts on the environment and society. This paper explores the technological advances of batteries through different generations and technologies, from classic lithium-ion batteries to new innovative concepts such as solid and lithium-alloy batteries. The improvement processes include improvements in the capacity, charging speed, safety and durability of the batteries, as well as the recycling of components to reduce the environmental footprint. With continued research and innovation in the field of batteries, we can expect to see significant advances in battery efficiency and sustainability, with the potential to revolutionize the way we use and store energy in the future.
Copyright (c) 2024 Melanija Ilova, Boris Gushevski, Metodija Atanasovski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF SPORTS INJURIES IN A PROFESSIONAL HANDBALL CLUB
Sports injuries pose a significant challenge to the performance, well-being and career longevity of athletes. This research delves into the field of sports injuries in the handball club RK Eurofarm Pelister, including 20 athletes in the period from July 25, 2022 to December 17, 2022. The research was conducted by an experienced physiotherapist and lasted five months with the primary goal of identifying the most common diagnoses among the athletes in the selected handball team. Methods: A physiotherapeutic approach was used to assess and document the injuries sustained by the athletes during the specified period. Through detailed examination and analysis, the research aimed to define the frequency and nature of injuries within the professional handball club. Results: Findings reveal a spectrum of injuries prevalent among handball athletes, with the most common diagnoses including ankle sprains, muscle spasms, patellar tendinitis, and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures. Ankle sprains emerged as the leading injury, highlighting the vulnerability of the lower extremities in handball players. Muscle cramps and patellar tendinitis were also common, highlighting the impact of high-intensity and repetitive training. The occurrence of ACL tears highlights the inherent risks associated with the dynamic and physically demanding nature of handball. Conclusion: This research provides valuable insights into sports injuries within the professional handball club Eurofarm Pelister. The prevalence of ankle sprains, muscle spasms, patellar tendinitis, and ACL ruptures underscores the need for focused preventative measures and rehabilitation strategies tailored to the specific demands of handball. Addressing these common injuries can improve athlete well-being, optimize performance, and extend career longevity, ultimately benefiting both the athletes and the overall success of the handball team.
Copyright (c) 2024 Hristijan Stojanovski, Denis Arsovski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE SPEECH ACT OF APOLOGY IN THE DISCOURSE OF ENGLISH NATIVE SPEAKERS AND MACEDONIAN LEARNERS OF ENGLISH
The aim of this paper is to analyze the speech act of apologizing and the similarities and differences that appear in the use of the apologizing strategies employed by native and non-native speakers of the English language. The analyzed data were obtained through an online Discourse Completion Task (DCT) among native and non-native speakers of the English language. The DCT includes ten situations that differ in accordance with the social distance, the social status of the participants, and the degree of the offense. Moreover, the aim was to determine the most common pragmatic strategies of apologizing used by native English speakers as well as by Macedonian learners of English in the given situations. The findings of this study can be helpful to Macedonian EFL teachers and their students in particular as they can raise their awareness with respect to the differences in the use of the apologizing strategies, which, in turn, can contribute to avoiding possible misunderstandings in the communication between these two groups of English language users.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ivona Shundovska, Silvana Neshkovska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CONCEPTUAL AND LOGICAL DESIGN OF RELATIONAL DATABASES: A CASE STUDY
In a time of increasingly accelerated and ubiquitous digitalization, and in conditions where technology, especially information and communication is available to everyone, business entities are becoming the subject of intensive digital transformation that allows them to fundamentally change the way they work to deliver more value to the customers. Today, technologies are the main driving force of businesses, and the information obtained through data processing and analysis processes is the lifeblood of knowledge-based economies, as well as of the entire digitized society. The wave of digital transformation also swept through the segment of driving schools for training future drivers at the global and local levels, a large number of driving schools previously carried out automation of manual processes using ICT-based software solutions, some introduced management information systems, and some completely migrated their operations to a cloud environment. Regardless of the form and degree of digitization, the common denominator of all these technical-technological advances is the use of relational databases. Based on the ‘database first’ principle, the main goal of this research is to offer a conceptual and logical design of a relational database (RDB) that can later be physically implemented in any relational database management system (RDBMS) to meet the needs of accurate, timely, and complete information about any driving school. Throughout the development of a generic RDB, the power of conceptual design has been demonstrated through the use of E-R diagrams, as one of the leading methodologies for modeling. Through the proposed user questionnaires, the power of relational algebra has been demonstrated as the main formal, theoretical, and procedural query language and mathematical notation of SQL data manipulation operations (SQL DML) performed on the RDB.
Copyright (c) 2024 Tamara Taseska, Ilija Hristoski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
COMPARATIVE ONCOLOGY - REVIEW OF SIMILARITIES BETWEEN ANIMAL AND HUMAN CANCER
This review paper aims to present and compare the similarities between animal cancer and human cancer, with a focus on how these parallels can inform and enhance the understanding of cancer treatment in humans. Cancer is a disease that transcends species boundaries, affecting both humans and animals alike. Animal models play a crucial role in cancer research, providing valuable insights into the biochemical and physiological processes of cancer occurrence and development This paper explores the similarities between animal and human cancers, with a focus on how these parallels can inform and enhance our understanding of cancer treatment in humans.
Copyright (c) 2024 Kristijan Salamovski, Nikola Karabolovski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE ROLE OF UKLO AS A CATALYST IN THE PROCESS OF CO-CREATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF BITOLA AS A SMALL SMART CITY
The main driving forces behind the concept of “smart city” are information and communication technologies, with the focus on the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence, as well as the local government and all the different social actors that make up a city’s ecosystem. The smart city as a concept implies the creation of e-services that facilitate the lives of citizens. The transition of cities towards becoming smart involves changing the role of all social actors (citizens, service providers and local authorities) from passive to proactive. Such a transition requires the creation of a climate for collaboration and participation in the process of creating the smart city, known as co-creation. The current focus in the creation of smart cities is on large cities, while the transformation of smaller cities which also need to become smart is neglected. This research paper has its focus on the possibility of the city of Bitola becoming a smart city. The paper is inspired by three smaller cities in Finland that have become smart, which serve as the main research method – case study. The specific examples highlight the role of applying the model of co-creation and point out the university as the most significant actor in the city's ecosystem, which must be necessarily involved in the process whereby a city, in this case Bitola, can become a smart city.
information and communication technologies
Copyright (c) 2024 Sofi Gajtanovska, Mila Dodevska, Mimoza Bogdanoska Jovanovska, Renata Petrevska Nechkoska, Natasha Blazheska-Tabakovska, Daniela Koltovska Nechkovska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0